Some of us do not know how lucky we are to be British.
This sparked the Soweto uprising in June 1976 when police shot and killed children who protested against this law . The shocking and brutal repression of children marked a shift in the struggle for freedom from apartheid and a younger generation took up the fight against apartheid with renewed vigour. A campaign of defiance was started in which people deliberately broke apartheid laws. One aim was to flood the prisons and put pressure on the government to change. Many songs became associated with the defiance campaign. ‘Somlandela’, for example, celebrates the successes of the defiance campaign, telling how people are joining in and trying to inspire others to join in too. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s resistance songs became a way of uniting disparate groups, raising morale and bringing the wrongs of apartheid to the attention of the rest of the world.
Piriti Patel, One off the tremendous Conservatives members, very Sophisticated and elegant, the lady of the supprasing beauty. Amongst her glam look I took the initiative, of the new points based system to be passed via Brexit in a hopefully Jan 2021.
What is the new Immigration Bill?
The Immigration and Social Security Co-ordination (EU Withdrawal) Bill 2020 effectively puts an end to EU free movement in the UK.
The legislation paves the way for the new immigration system to be introduced in January 2021.
Home Secretary Priti Patel said it was a “firmer, fairer and simpler” system.
She added: “This historic piece of legislation gives the UK full control of our immigration system for the first time in decades and the power to determine who comes to this country.
“Our new points-based system is firmer, fairer, and simpler. It will attract the people we need to drive our economy forward and lay the foundation for a high wage, high skill, high productivity economy.
This is a once in a generation opportunity to build a future.”
What does a points-based system mean?
The new system would see those wanting to enter the UK only granted a visa if they have a confirmed job offer and speak English.
Those two factors will rack up 50 points, but potential incomers need to have at least 70 points before they can enter the country.
People can earn points for things like earning at least £25,600, working a “skilled job”, working in a profession that the UK has a shortage of and having a relevant PhD.
However, since the points-system is based on salary, it’s expected lower-paid jobs will fall into the category of “low skilled”.
But it doesn’t mean low earners won’t be allowed into the country, as you can make up points in other aspects.
Who does it apply to?
The new system will apply to anyone coming from any country in the world now.
Previously, EU citizens didn’t need a visa to work in the UK under freedom of movement laws.
If you want to receive a righteous and faith, you have to join in and not repentance in Jesus name.
Turn from sin to happiness to fulfill his full grace and glory.
Be whom is purified. To gain Purisisty within your soul.
You are all my brothers and sister, let’s stick together and share wisdom an encourage one another, show support an give me some acknowledgment, now gain control off your thoughts and actions.
For he is our kindest delivery, throughput my services I want you to keep maintained, and gain trust, not lust for I am your vocal friend.
Have trusting in Justin, he ordained me to purify the democracy.
This public austerity, quarintine is global economic crisis, but together we can strive through the struggles to gain back prosperous when only Prosperity Matters.
Can you give me an amen?
I am a writer/philosopher J.Johnson.
I am here to occupy the people’s of trustee.
Thankyou and kindest Regards,
We are going to share love and worship, we are gunna keep grounded and focused as individuals.
Let’s sing another worship song
Are you starting to feel blessed?
So you are taking in my service, my actions are to help you be encouraged, to be focused. And to do more for God then you did yesterday,
Now say tomorrow I’ll do more for God then I did today 🙏
I love thy community, we shall love one another, you my brother, you my sister we were in this from the beginning, happiness is a virtue of you deliver it.
You came through,
You pulled through
You have made a better plan, you have already a better vision.
I am motivational, I am sensational, I am creative, I make choices
A Visit to Robben Island, the Brutal Prison that Held Mandela, Is Haunting and Inspiring To visit the brutal prison that held Mandela is haunting, yet inspiring
The busload of tourists on Robben Island grew quiet as Yasien Mohamed, our 63-year-old guide, gestured to a bleak limestone quarry on the side of the road. It was here, he said, that Nelson Mandela toiled virtually every day for 13 years, digging up rock, some of which paved the road we were driving on. The sun was so relentless, the quarry so bright and dusty, that Mandela was stricken with “snow blindness” that damaged his eyes.
Nevertheless, Mandela and other heroes of South Africa’s anti-apartheid movement, such as Govan Mbeki and Walter Sisulu, used their time in this quarry to teach each other literature, philosophy and political theory, among other things. “This campus may not look like the fancy university campuses you have in America,” Mohamed said, “but this limestone quarry was one of the great universities of the world.
Robben Island, a desolate outcropping five miles offshore, is a testament to courage and fortitude in the face of brutality, a must-see for any visitor to South Africa. Tours leave Cape Town four times a day, and the trip includes a bus tour of the island and a visit to the prison.
The island was first used as a political prison in the mid-1600s; Dutch settlers sent slaves, convicts and indigenous Khoikhoi people who refused to bend to colonial rule. In 1846 the island was turned into a leper colony. From 1961 to 1991, a maximum-security prison here held enemies of apartheid. In 1997, three years after apartheid fell, the prison was turned into the Robben Island Museum.
The most powerful part of the tour is a visit to Mandela’s cell, a 7-by-9-foot room where a bulb burned day and night over his head for the 18 years he was jailed here, beginning in 1964. As Mandela recalled in Long Walk to Freedom, “I could walk the length of my cell in three paces. When I lay down, I could feel the wall with my feet and my head grazed the concrete at the other side.”
Many guides are themselves former prisoners, and they speak openly about their lives inside one of the world’s most notorious gulags. Our prison guide, named Zozo, said he arrived on the island in 1977 and underwent severe beatings, hunger and solitary confinement before he was released in 1982. As Zozo stood in the room he once shared with other inmates, he recalled a vital lesson: “Our leader, Nelson Mandela, taught us not to take revenge on our enemies. And because of this today we are free, free, free.”
Castell Coch (;Welsh for ‘Red Castle’) is a 19th-century Gothic Revival castle built above the village of Tongwynlais in South Wales. The first castle on the site was built by the Normans after 1081, to protect the newly conquered town of Cardif and control the route along the Taff Gorge. Abandoned shortly afterwards, the castle’s earth motte was reused by Gilbert de Claire as the basis for a new stone fortification, which he built between 1267 and 1277 to control his freshly annexed Welsh lands. This castle was likely destroyed in the native Welsh rebellion of 1314. In 1760, the castle ruins were acquired by John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, as part of a marriage settlement that brought the family vast estates in South Wales. “we are now going to look at the blueprint of Castell Coch, who built it”!..
Castell Coch
John Crichton-Stuart, the 3rd Marquess of Bute, inherited the castle in 1848. One of Britain’s wealthiest men, with interests in architecture and antiquarian studies, he employed the architect William Burges to reconstruct the castle, “as a country residence for occasional occupation in the summer”, using the medieval remains as a basis for the design. Burges rebuilt the outside of the castle between 1875 and 1879, before turning to the interior; he died in 1881 and the work was finished by Burges’s remaining team in 1891. Bute reintroduced commercial viticulture into Britain, planting a vineyard just below the castle, and wine production continued until the First World War. The Marquess made little use of his new retreat and in 1950 his grandson, the 5th Marquess of Bute, placed it into the care of the state. It is now controlled by the Welsh heritage agency Cadw.
“Here you can see how it has developed historical prestige’s building over time, I found it rather extraordinary how it has been regenerated over many years, to keep its structural composition. Through online researching you can physically see his Victorian style, very romantic in the dining room. With an artistic designed fireplace , Long table, chairs with a red table cloth’.
Castell Coch’s external features and the High Victorian interiors led the historian David McLees to describe it as “one of the greatest Victorian triumphs of architectural composition.”[1] The exterior, based on 19th-century studies by the antiquarian George Clark, is relatively authentic in style, although its three stone towers were adapted by Burges to present a dramatic silhouette, closer in design to mainland European castles such as Chillon than native British fortifications. The interiors were elaborately decorated, with specially designed furniture and fittings; the designs include extensive use of ‘symbolism drawing’ on ‘classical and legendary themes’. Joseph Mordaunt Crook wrote that the castle represented “the learned dream world of a great patron and his favourite architect, recreating from a heap of rubble a fairy-tale castle which seems almost to have materialised from the margins of a medieval manuscript.” The surrounding beech woods contain rare plant species and unusual geological features and are protected as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
The historian David McLees, writing prior to the publication of the Royal Commission’s survey on Castell Coch, suggested that the evidence for the chronology of the medieval castle was “inconclusive”, but argued that the shell walls and stone apron might have been built in the mid-12th century, with the first round tower possibly built by the de Clares in the early to mid-13th century. The Royal Commission’s survey noted that the comprehensive inventories of the de Clare possessions in 1263, and the lists of payments to their castle garrisons in the same year, make no reference to any castle at the site, and found no evidence for an earlier dating. John McConnochie is also called James McConnochie in some sources. The model of Lady Bute’s Bedroom was photographed for an article by W. Howell in 1951 but then vanished, presumed destroyed. It was rediscovered at the Bute property of Dumfries House, Ayrshire, in 2002. The other models were stored at Cardiff Castle, in the Model Room of the Black Tower but were probably destroyed in the late 1940s. For much of the 19th century, “a chill” was used as a diagnosis for illness involving a fever and associated chills, in contrast to modern medical approaches which would regard a fever and chills as symptoms of an underlying disease. For comparison, on the other side of the Severn Estuary, Dunster Castle, a motte and shell-keep medieval castle, was being remodelled by the architect Anthony Salvin at around this time, specifically to enable the property to meet late 19th-century standards of facilities and accommodation.”We can detect significance to its structural engineering which led the castles safety” A bretèche is a defensive structure overhanging a castle wall. Commonly of timber, it allowed defenders to drop damaging objects onto attackers below. A similar bretèche, since removed, was constructed by Burges on the walls at Cardiff Castle,
“Here we can see how its changed its structural design over years off decay, as we are aware buildings all have wear and tear with age, possibly new foundations would’ve been carried out, such as underpinning, Re-rendering the walls, visual crack repairs. Plastering the ceilings, re moulding the statues in and outside the building, I know they had a superb statue of mother Madonna and her baby outside, its mostly famous architecture design to the castle itself.
Reading above we can also see its castle being used to protect Lord Bute’s family during the Normandy war, which I’m aware Normandy’s where French. So guessing Lord Butes would of had a fleet of British solder’s protecting his family from the invasion of Normandy. I bet they had great use of the Breteche, there timber defensive structure which was overhanging the castle will, so they could’ve dropped object onto the Norman fleet, To protect themselves And Lord Bute..
Westminster abbey London, like Castell Coch overlooks the river, Castell Coch overlooks the Welsh valley.
Book Traditions pages 375:
4.2 The interiors and their patron.
Here can see a slight significance from both Castell Coch Lord Buke design and the house of Parliament and their Roman Catholicism architecture designs. Although the building was largely complete by 1881 when Burges died, the interior of the castle was not, and so it was brought to a completion by Burges team craftsmen led by William Frame (1884-1906) Castell Coch is an opportunity to explore what we mean by ‘architectural interiors’. This does not simply mean interiors designed by an architect, who may also have designed the building; although this is often the case for high statues projects where a complete set of design principles are followed, right down to the details such as door handles, Pugin’s interior for the House of Lords is a strong example of an ‘architectural interior, as the walls, ceiling, floor, windows, furniture upholstery and lighting are all treated as part of one total design that connects to the exterior. Similarly. the richly decorated interiors at Castell Coch achieve their effects through the use of features that are integral to the structure, and which also exploit the architectural characteristics of the exterior: In this case , a remained medieval castle. The survival of the interiors also allows us to explore how much the interior decoration might reflect the distinctive tastes, values and interests of both Lord Bute and his wife Gwendolen, Lady Bute (1854-1932), particularly once there architect was no longer to guide or persuade.
Reference: pages 386.. Chapter 8 Lady Bute’s bedroom.
Its most theatrical inferior space at Castell Coch is also probably the most private, which is Lady Bute’s bedroom which is at the top of the tower, a space fir for a medieval Princess. It’s structure that we see today, including the windows and the spherical dome above with it’s offering (panelling), is original Burges. The great height of the room draws on medieval world, and more specifically on Burges knowledge of the architecture of Constantinople, which is now Istanbul (Williams, 2003). The room was unfurnished when Burges died, and Lord and Lady Bute discussed how to finish the interior in great detail, using a scale model to decide on the effects. Some off the furniture has Arabic overtones , while Lady Bute’s extraordinary wooden bed appears to be based on a fourteenth-century French model. The decoration of this room ranges well beyond the Gothic of the castle itself, and is forward-looking rather than traditional in its nature-based fantasy and electric character. The interior shows how the strong character of the architectural elements, such as the arcade of red pillars, the painted arches around the room an the soaring dome, contribute to the finished effects. Not surprisingly, the pieces of furniture also similar strong architectural elements, such as arcade of the red pillars, the painted arches around the room.
Reference: pages 387 Creativity and the Gothic Tradition
By looking at these in more detail, we have seen that the interior schemes of Catell Coch can be understood to convey meaning in this case, asserting a moral tone set by the statue of the virgin Mary over the entrance. The castle was rebuilt faithfully on its medieval foundations and includes revived features authentic to Gothic architectural traditions, weather British or French. However, ultimately, this is very far from being the kind of recreation of Gothic architecture that Pugin was in favour of. Lord Bute’s summer home mixes Northern European Gothic with Italian and Islamic-style elements, and draws on classical myth and literature as well as the Christian medieval past.
Castell Coch moves on from Pugin’s vision of an accurately revived Gothic tradition. Tradition at Castell Coch did entail historical accuracy, but it also involved interpreting multiple pasts in an inventive and even playful way to suit the personal requirements, beliefs and tastes of its extraordinary patron and his architect. This castle epitomises the craftsmanship and individuality that was central to the Victorian myth of the Middle Ages, but it is applied not to a public building designed for the social good look the Houses of Parliament but to a private fantasy..
For this part of your assignment, you will need to make two posts to your tutor-group forum.
Your first post should be 100–150 words long. You should use it to describe a tradition that you know about and which is not described in the module materials. It might be a local or even a family tradition. In your post, you should briefly describe what the tradition is and who it is for. You should also briefly address one of the following questions:
· What is the purpose or value of the tradition you have described? Why is it important to those who take part?
· Has the tradition ever lapsed and then been renewed? If so, why?
· Has the tradition changed over time? Why (or why not)?
· Has the tradition given rise to dispute or conflict? What was the result?
Your second post should be no longer than 100 words long and should be a response to another student’s post.
What is my family tradition?
I wanna start with my characteristics.
My mannerism, and my upbringing.
My mother and father had me christened in the church of England to a Christian church as a young child.
And now 36years later I still follow it’s traditional faith.
I find it therapeutic for my body and soul, keeps me away from sin, such as alcohol and narcotics.
Throughout my years growing up, I’ve become very focused and grounded in vast majority of tasks I put my hand an eye coordination too.
These past two years becoming more optimistic and Flamboyant I’ve gained lost off wisdom, knowledgeable interests. Like an aristocratic personnel. Becoming very formal, my Litterateur is wide spread within the jurisdiction of philosophy and politics.
Human biology is also my fortay which is great, looking after my body, mind and soul. I’ve also had my grandad Thomas Edwards to look upto, my mother’s father, he died when I was a young boy, he served the world war 2 in 1945. So being self motivated, self disciplined, self maintained. I guess I granted some off these ideas through the family tradition taken to different clubs, like scouts, youth clubs. Football, Professional boxing. Being a gentleman towards the general public. Last year I joined the choir group, which helped me gain courage and also another passion.
It’s the 1st day of the month. So it’s time for “Integrity Check”?
If I was to turn back time. Here I go again living a life off purgatory, I know.
But one thing I’ve learnt without, humanities industry, is living to learn with the basic principles off? (“Fiction & Propaganda”)!….
Propaganda is 90%. Off what your friends are doing, that’s with out the crap they talk from what they been reading and watching on last night’s TV episode.
Or even who won the boxing wwwbc world championship.
I’d also smash the middle weight number in the field in a ring.
(And that’s fiction)…
In the guvnor
The most courageous middle weight boxer to ever walk this planet, half disabled or not.
I remember when I was tenioucsly in love with boxing, but realised the absolute corruption behind the scenes.
It’s all about seats and money.
A one big pantomime.
I never watch the fake sport.
In fact I don’t watch any (Propaganda, TV full stop)
The whole screen an nothing but the screen is Propaganda.
Everyday that goes by and your disturbed by what happened on TV, is a life off, purgatory.
When reed send you an email, an call me the Professor. It’s when you begin to know your chartered course along the byway.
Another day within the home office. I remember a few years ago, sopposedly I went a little contrary and somehow ended up in probation, yet still confused to why? But anyway away with the purgatory stories. I remember seeing the reed notice board amongst all the human excrement who else was on probation, mean while in the lobby, I sat starred for Abit, an started to think to myself, what has life come too.
Am I really going to throw life away to this. I mean look at me now, a million miles in front off what I was….
Castell Coch (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkastɛɬ koːχ]; Welsh for ‘Red Castle’) is a 19th-century Gothic Revival castle built above the village of Tongwynlais in South Wales. The first castle on the site was built by the Normans after 1081, to protect the newly conquered town of Cardiff and control the route along the Taff Gorge. Abandoned shortly afterwards, the castle’s earth motte was reused by Gilbert de Clare as the basis for a new stone fortification, which he built between 1267 and 1277 to control his freshly annexed Welsh lands. This castle was likely destroyed in the native Welsh rebellion of 1314. In 1760, the castle ruins were acquired by John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, as part of a marriage settlement that brought the family vast estates in South Wales. “we are now going to look at the blueprint of Castell Coach, tinder who built it”!..
John Crichton-Stuart, the 3rd Marquess of Bute, inherited the castle in 1848. One of Britain’s wealthiest men, with interests in architecture and antiquarian studies, he employed the architect William Burges to reconstruct the castle, “as a country residence for occasional occupation in the summer”, using the medieval remains as a basis for the design. Burges rebuilt the outside of the castle between 1875 and 1879, before turning to the interior; he died in 1881 and the work was finished by Burges’s remaining team in 1891. Bute reintroduced commercial viticulture into Britain, planting a vineyard just below the castle, and wine production continued until the First World War. The Marquess made little use of his new retreat and in 1950 his grandson, the 5th Marquess of Bute, placed it into the care of the state. It is now controlled by the Welsh heritage agency Cadw.
Castell Coch’s external features and the High Victorian interiors led the historian David McLees to describe it as “one of the greatest Victorian triumphs of architectural composition.”[1] The exterior, based on 19th-century studies by the antiquarian George Clark, is relatively authentic in style, although its three stone towers were adapted by Burges to present a dramatic silhouette, closer in design to mainland European castles such as Chillon than native British fortifications. The interiors were elaborately decorated, with specially designed furniture and fittings; the designs include extensive use of symbolism drawing on classical and legendary themes. Joseph Mordaunt Crook wrote that the castle represented “the learned dream world of a great patron and his favourite architect, recreating from a heap of rubble a fairy-tale castle which seems almost to have materialised from the margins of a medieval manuscript.” The surrounding beech woods contain rare plant species and unusual geological features and are protected as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
The historian David McLees, writing prior to the publication of the Royal Commission’s survey on Castell Coch, suggested that the evidence for the chronology of the medieval castle was “inconclusive”, but argued that the shell walls and stone apron might have been built in the mid-12th century, with the first round tower possibly built by the de Clares in the early to mid-13th century. The Royal Commission’s survey noted that the comprehensive inventories of the de Clare possessions in 1263, and the lists of payments to their castle garrisons in the same year, make no reference to any castle at the site, and found no evidence for an earlier dating.^ John McConnochie is also called James McConnochie in some sources.^ The model of Lady Bute’s Bedroom was photographed for an article by W. Howell in 1951 but then vanished, presumed destroyed. It was rediscovered at the Bute property of Dumfries House, Ayrshire, in 2002. The other models were stored at Cardiff Castle, in the Model Room of the Black Tower but were probably destroyed in the late 1940s.^ For much of the 19th century, “a chill” was used as a diagnosis for illness involving a fever and associated chills, in contrast to modern medical approaches which would regard a fever and chills as symptoms of an underlying disease.[53]^ For comparison, on the other side of the Severn Estuary, Dunster Castle, a motte and shell-keep medieval castle, was being remodelled by the architect Anthony Salvin at around this time, specifically to enable the property to meet late 19th-century standards of facilities and accommodation.”We can detect a significance to its structural engineering which led the castles safety”^ A bretèche is a defensive structure overhanging a castle wall. Commonly of timber, it allowed defenders to drop damaging objects onto attackers below. A similar bretèche, since removed, was constructed by Burges on the walls at Cardiff Castle
MP J Johnson 